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Fitness & Performance

Training methods, recovery, and performance science.

Showing 1 - 12 of 33 Articles
An athlete on the sideline drinking a small shot of pickle juice from a cup during a cramp.
Fitness & Performance

Does pickle juice really stop muscle cramps?

A small lab study backs the sideline ritual for stopping a cramp already underway, but the mechanism is not electrolytes and the evidence for prevention is basically nonexistent.

A woman does a cardio workout on a mini trampoline rebounder at home.
Fitness & Performance

Does rebounding on a mini trampoline actually work?

Mini trampoline workouts have real evidence behind balance and bone density gains, but the lymphatic drainage claim driving most of the hype traces back to a seven-woman pilot study and a NASA test that never measured lymph at all.

A close-up of someone wearing minimalist, toe-shaped barefoot running shoes on a trail, showing the thin sole and wide toe box.
Fitness & Performance

Do barefoot shoes actually work?

Barefoot and zero-drop shoes can genuinely strengthen your feet, but the researcher most associated with the trend discloses shoe-company funding, and so does the study that contradicts him.

A person checking their pulse at the wrist beside a fitness watch showing a heart rate reading
Fitness & Performance

What is a healthy resting heart rate?

The American Heart Association puts the normal adult range at 60 to 100 beats per minute. That band is wide enough to hide something: within it, lower generally tracks with better outcomes, and the research is more consistent than the single number suggests.

A recreational runner midstride on a park path, focused on form rather than knee pain.
Fitness & Performance

Is running bad for your knees?

The biggest running and osteoarthritis studies say the opposite of what most people assume, with a few real exceptions worth knowing.

A runner training at a moderate, tempo-like pace, the kind of effort coaches debate as zone 3 or the training gray zone.
Fitness & Performance

Zone 3 cardio: is the gray zone actually junk mileage?

Elite endurance coaches spend most of their training either easy or genuinely hard, and new scrutiny of the moderate zone 3 band shows why drifting into it by accident, not training there on purpose, is the real mistake.

A runner performing a controlled dynamic leg swing outdoors before a workout, rather than a static toe touch stretch.
Fitness & Performance

Does stretching before exercise prevent injury?

The research on static stretching and injury prevention is more settled than most warm-up routines suggest, and it does not say what decades of toe-touches assumed.

A plate of a high-protein breakfast next to walking shoes, the two halves of the viral 30-30-30 routine.
Fitness & Performance

Does the 30-30-30 morning method actually work?

Gary Brecka's viral morning routine has never been tested as a combined protocol, and the experts behind the two habits it borrows from say the exact timing matters less than people think.